South America plate, Pacific plate, Antarctic plate, Cocos plate. North America plate, Australia plate, Antarctic plate, Nazca plate, Filipino plate, Cocos plate, Juan de Fuca plate. It runs from the tip of South America eastwards to form a barrier between the Antarctic plate and the South America plate. This plate is small. This plate includes the northeastern part of the Atlantic ocean, all of Europe, all of Russia (except its most eastern part), and down through southeast Asia, including China and Indonesia. There are 2 types of Tectonic Plate. The Antarctic tectonic region (Fig. Continental drift and sea-floor spreading became widely accepted around 1965 as more and more geologists started thinking in these terms. What type of plate boundary exists between the African plate and the Antarctic plate? The African Plate is a major tectonic plate hat divided by the equatorial into two halves and this plate covers an approx area of 61,300,000 km square and is bounded by the Atlantic ocean and the mediterranean sea in the north and is bounded the Antarctica from the south. a plate boundary at which the two plates are moving towards away from each other, a plate boundary at which the two plates are moving towards each other, a boundary between two plates that are moving horizontally with respect to each other, a series of near-vertical dykes formed in the vicinity of a spreading ridge when magma from depth flows into fractures formed by extensional forces, the steeper part of a continental margin, that slopes down from a continental shelf towards the abyssal plain, the supercontinent that existed between approximately 300 and 180 Ma, a boundary between a continent and an ocean at which there is no tectonic activity (e.g., the eastern edge of North America). This plate is sandwiched between the North American and African Plate on the north and west sides. Pangea began to rift apart along a line between Africa and Asia and between North America and South America at around 200 Ma. Transform boundaries – where plates slide passed each other. The fact that the plates include both crustal material and lithospheric mantle material makes it possible for a single plate to be made up of both oceanic and continental crust. The types are ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, and continent-continent. Mathematics, 15.01.2021 09:10. More recent studies of continental matchups and the magnetic ages of ocean-floor rocks have enabled us to reconstruct the history of the break-up of Pangea. A subduction zone will develop, and the oceanic plate will begin to descend under the continent. Africa plate, Nazca plate, Scotia plate, Caribbean plate, Antarctic plate, North America plate. It consists of most of Europe, Russia, and parts of Asia. This plate includes all of Africa and the surrounding ocean, including the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the surrounding Antarctic Ocean, and the western Indian ocean. Plate Boundary • What is a plate boundary? This plate includes India and the surrounding India Ocean. Continental - which is granitic rock, made up of relatively lightweight minerals such as quartz and feldspar. Rates of motions of the major plates range from less than 1 cm/y to over 10 cm/y. The colliding continental material will not be subducted because it is too light (i.e., because it is composed largely of light continental rocks [SIAL]), but the root of the oceanic plate will eventually break off and sink into the mantle. Continental drift and sea-floor spreading became widely accepted around 1965 as more and more geologists started thinking in these terms. Examples of ocean-continent convergent boundaries are subduction of the Nazca Plate under South America (which has created the Andes Range) and subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate under North America (creating the mountains Garibaldi, Baker, St. Helens, Rainier, Hood, and Shasta, collectively known as the Cascade Range). South American plate is bounded by African plate in the east, Nazca plate in the west, Antarctic plate and Scotia plate in the south, and Caribbean plate and North American plate in the north. The Eurasian Plate is the third largest major plate. Without referring to the plate map in Figure 10.4.1, or any other resources, write in the names of as many of the plates as you can. Physical Geology - 2nd Edition by Steven Earle is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Convergent boundaries, where two plates are moving toward each other, are of three types, depending on whether oceanic or continental crust is present on either side of the boundary. • The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary, and plate boundaries are commonly associated with geological events such as earthquakes and the creation of topographic features such as mountains, volcanoes, mid-ocean ridges, and oceanic trenches. 2.7 Explain why plates such as the African and Antarctic plates are increasing in size, while the Pacific plate is decreasing in size. How many signers of the Declaration of Independence became president? In which country was President Clinton's goal to use force to restore a democratically elected leader to power? Based on Keary and Vine, 1996, Global Tectonics (2ed), Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford. Peru is situated along the boundary of two tectonic plates: the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate. The largest earthquakes occur near the surface where the subducting plate is still cold and strong. Divergent plate boundaries: two plates move apart from each other.Examples of Divergent plate boundaries are the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, … If this continues without changing for another couple hundred million years, we will be back to where we started, with one supercontinent. We think that the Explorer Plate is also moving east, but we don’t know the rate, and there is evidence that it is slower than the JDF Plate. ; These plates are constantly moving in relation to each other due to thermal convective currents originating deep within the earth. Divergent boundaries – where two plates are moving apart. Other articles where Antarctic Plate is discussed: Antarctica: Antarctica and continental drift: …and jostling of immense crustal plates (see plate tectonics). The plate boundaries are those boundaries along which two or more plates share a type of boundary. As explained above, most transform faults connect segments of mid-ocean ridges and are thus ocean-ocean plate boundaries (Figure 10.3.11). There is a spreading center between the Pacific and Antarctic plates so they are moving away from each other. The eastern margins of North and South America and the western margins of Europe and Africa are called passive margins because there is no subduction taking place along them. This plate is moving north east towards the Arabia and Eurasia plates. This plate is in the Pacific Ocean between the Pacific plate and the South America plate. The adjoining plates are the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, the African Plate, the Somali Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and, across a transform boundary, the Scotia Plate. Figures 10.4.2, 10.4.3, 10.4.5, 10.4.6, 10.4.7, 10.4.8, 10.4.9, 10.4.10, 10.4.11, 10.4.12, 10.4.13, 10.4.14: © Steven Earle. (Note that spreading rates are typically double the velocities of the two plates moving away from a ridge.). ... What is the name of the boundary between the African and Antarctic plates? It borders the Eurasian Plate in the north, the Antarctic Plate in the south and the Pacific Plate in the east. When a series of mantle plumes exists beneath a large continent, the resulting rifts may align and lead to the formation of a rift valley (such as the present-day Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa). By 50 Ma, Australia had separated from Antarctic, and shortly after that, India collided with Asia. Don’t worry if you can’t name them all. As originally described by Wegener in 1915, the present continents were once all part of a supercontinent, which he termed Pangea (meaning all land). Continental drift means that plates are never idle. There is strong evidence around the margins of the Atlantic Ocean that this process has taken place before. The African Plate is bounded on the northeast by the Arabian Plate, the southeast by the Somali Plate, the north by the Eurasian Plate, the Aegean Sea Plate, and the Anatolian Plate, and on the south by the Antarctic Plate. The Pacific Plate is almost entirely oceanic, but it does include the part of California west of the San Andreas Fault. Most of this water is present within the sheet silicate mineral serpentine which is derived from alteration of pyroxene and olivine near the spreading ridge shortly after the rock’s formation. What is the name of the process of liquid water changing into water vapor due to heating? This map shows the boundaries between the major plates. The Nazca Plate, borders the South American Plate for most part of the continent. Do not put more than two in a group Students or pairs will need coloring pencils, the “Types of Plate Boundaries Map” and the “Types of Plate Boundaries Map Identification Directions”. South America plate, Antarctic plate, Eurasia plate, North America plate, Arabia plate, India plate, Australia plate. As described above in the context of Benioff zones (Figure 10.3.6), earthquakes take place close to the boundary between the subducting crust and the overriding crust. Plate tectonics is the theory explaining the structure of the Earth's crust (and many associated phenomena) that result from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.. Lithosphere: composed of the crust and uppermost solid portion of the mantle. The mafic magma produced adjacent to the subduction zone rises to the base of the continental crust and leads to partial melting of the crustal rock. Primary plates African plate. Spreading rates vary considerably, from 2 cm/y to 6 cm/y in the Atlantic, to between 12 cm/y and 20 cm/y in the Pacific. Incipient rifting has begun along the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa, extending from Ethiopia and Djibouti on the Gulf of Aden (Red Sea) all the way south to Malawi. When rifting of Pangea started at approximately 200 Ma, the fissuring was along a different line from the line of the earlier collision. Answers. Between 200 and 150 Ma, rifting started between South America and Africa and between North America and Europe, and India moved north toward Asia. It runs along the west coast of Mexico and western Caribbean countries. All of these are divergent or spreading boundaries with the exception of the norther… This plate is small. CC BY. This plate includes Australia and much of the surrounding ocean. What is full of holes but still hold water? To see the timing of these processes for yourself, go to time lapse of Continental Movements. This plate is small. This plate moves north and slightly west towards the Caribbean plate and the North America plate. The plates — interlocking slabs of crust that float on Earth’s viscous upper mantle — were created by a process similar to the subduction seen today when one plate dives below another, the report says. and has south American plate on the west. For example, the Queen Charlotte Fault connects the north end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, starting at the north end of Vancouver Island, to the Aleutian subduction zone. If you had 10,Billion dollars what would you do? Indo-Australian plate. That the Atlantic Ocean rift may have occurred in approximately the same place during two separate events several hundred million years apart is probably no coincidence. At present, North and South America, Europe, and Africa are moving with their respective portions of the Atlantic Ocean. As the Atlantic Ocean floor gets weighed down around its margins by great thickness of continental sediments (i.e., geosynclines), it will be pushed farther and farther into the mantle, and eventually the oceanic lithosphere may break away from the continental lithosphere (Figure 10.4.12). check all that apply. These plates move in relation to one another at one of three types of plate boundaries: convergent or collision boundaries, divergent or spreading boundaries, and transform boundaries. The interface between these two plates … This plate makes up most of the Pacific Ocean. This is why some of the mountain chains formed during the earlier collision can be traced from Europe to North America and from Europe to Africa. This plate includes the islands that make up the Philipines and north to include parts of southern Japan. This plate is moving northwest towards the Australia, Filipino, and Eurasia plates. There will also be continued northerly movement of Australia and Indonesia. A mature island arc develops into a chain of relatively large islands (such as Japan or Indonesia) as more and more volcanic material is extruded and sedimentary rocks accumulate around the islands. There are three main types of plate boundaries: Convergent boundaries: where two plates are colliding. The Antarctic Plate is bounded almost entirely by extensional mid-ocean ridgesystems. The major plates are Eurasia, Pacific, India, Australia, North America, South America, Africa, and Antarctic. Types of Plate Boundaries Map Identification Activity Directions: Allow students to work individually or in pairs. This plate is small. The lithospheric plates ride on the asthenosphere. Antarctic plate. See Appendix 3 for Exercise 10.5 answers. There are also numerous small plates (e.g., Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Nazca, Scotia, Philippine, Caribbean), and many very small plates or sub-plates. North American plate. This plate makes up all of Antarctica and much of the surrounding ocean. Dark (thick) ruled lines with "tooth marks" indicate the location of which type of plate boundary? If spreading along the mid-Atlantic ridge continues to be slower than spreading within the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean will start to close up, and eventually (in a 100 million years or more) North and South America will collide with Europe and Africa. The resulting magma ascends through the crust, producing a mountain chain with many volcanoes. This plate includes all of North America, Greenland, the eastern most part of Russia, northern Japan, and the northwestern part of the Atlantic ocean. The Antarctic region itself contains the Antarctic plate, with East and West tectonic regions, and the Scotia plate, as well as the smaller South Sandwich and Shetland Plates (De … Sediment that has accumulated on the continental slope is thrust up into an accretionary wedge, and compression leads to thrusting within the continental plate (Figure 10.4.7). The plates are made up of crust and the lithospheric part of the mantle (Figure 10.4.2), and even though they are moving all the time, and in different directions, there is never a significant amount of space between them. The roots of ancient mountain belts, which are present along the eastern margin of North America, the western margin of Europe, and the northwestern margin of Africa, show that these land masses once collided with each other to form a mountain chain, possibly as big as the Himalayas. The magma, which is lighter than the surrounding mantle material, rises through the mantle and the overlying oceanic crust to the ocean floor where it creates a chain of volcanic islands known as an island arc. This plate includes all of Saudi Arabia, and much of the Levant (up to Iraq and Syria). It is suggested that this type of valley eventually develops into a linear sea (such as the present-day Red Sea), and finally into an ocean (such as the Atlantic). Nazca plate, Pacific plate, North America plate, Caribbean plate. By 80 Ma, Africa had separated from South America, most of Europe had separated from North America, and India had separated from Antarctica. The buoyancy of the mantle plume material creates a dome within the crust, causing it to fracture in a radial pattern, with three arms spaced at approximately 120° (Figure 10.4.5). The apparent line of collision runs between Norway and Sweden, between Scotland and England, through Ireland, through Newfoundland, and the Maritimes, through the northeastern and eastern states, and across the northern end of Florida. What type of plate boundary exists between the African plate and the Antarctic plate. Antarctic plate. It is likely that as many as 20 mantle plumes, many of which still exist, were responsible for the initiation of the rifting of Pangea along what is now the mid-Atlantic ridge (see Figure 10.3.10). Modern plate boundaries may be far different from ancient ones presumably marked by old fold belts. Over the next 50 million years, it is likely that there will be full development of the east African rift and creation of new ocean floor. For example, the North American Plate includes most of North America, plus half of the northern Atlantic Ocean. The part of the plate around the Australia plate is moving southwards. These plates move slowly and continuously but in many different directions. Exercise 10.4 A different type of transform fault. A part of the Atlantic Ocean Africa and Asia and between north America plate,,! Of north America plate is moving toward the north and west sides a line between Africa and and... You do northern parts of Asia are also a result of continent-continent collisions a 's! The nearest tenth of a centimeter relatively lightweight minerals such as the asthenosphere the. 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