The youngest island sits directly above a column of hot rock called a mantle plume. Trenches mark subduction zones, although only the Aleutian Trench and the Java Trench appear on the map in Figure above. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and most are found underwater. Why does melting occur at divergent plate boundaries? Because of plate tectonics, volcanoes can form relatively quickly. Suppose a new volcano suddenly formed in the middle of the United States. Most volcanoes are found along a belt, called the “Ring of Fire” that encircles the Pacific Ocean. Most earthquakes and volcanic eruptions do not strike randomly but occur in specific areas, such as along plate boundaries.One such area is the circum-Pacific Ring of Fire, where the Pacific Plate meets many surrounding plates. Earthquakes can occur wherever there is a reading comprehension. Volcanos will usually occur on or next to the tectonic plates. Label the major plates onto your map of the world. Volcanoes have been found on Venus, Mars, and even Jupiter’s moon Io. 2. The hotspots that are known beneath continents are extremely large, such as Yellowstone (Figure below). Where do the most volcanoes form? Divergent Tectonic Plate Boundaries. Sixty percent of all active volcanoes occur at the boundaries between tectonic plates. Volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries are found all along the Pacific Ocean basin, primarily at the edges of the Pacific, Cocos, and Nazca plates. Earthquakes An earthquake is caused by the movement of two or more plate boundaries and the pressure that builds up during the movement. -How does this magma form? In your group, all of the volcanoes and earthquakes will be plotted 3. Composite and shield volcanoes are found along plate boundaries. Most of the volcanoes occur at, or close to, the edges of tectonic plates. Volcanoes occur when molten rock from underneath the Earth's crust rises up. Since the Pacific Ocean is rimmed by convergent and transform boundaries, about 80% of all earthquakes strike around the Pacific Ocean basin (Figure below). Most of these are in the oceans because they are better able to penetrate oceanic lithosphere to create volcanoes. The magma erupts to form lava. (b) The satellite image shows how the islands become smaller and coral reefs became more developed as the volcanoes move off the hotspot and grow older. Footage of Undersea Volcanic Eruptions is seen in National Geographic Videos, Environment Video, Habitat, Ocean section: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/environment/. Of course, these volcanoes are caused by the abundance of convergent plate boundaries around the Pacific. Where do most volcanoes occur? Weather Wiz Kids is a fun and safe website for kids about all the weather info they need to know. Some, as exemplified by the volcanic islands of Hawaii that lie in the interior of the Pacific Plate, are thought to occur because of plate movement over a “ hot spot ” from which magmas can penetrate to the surface. They cause more damage in poorer countries, where there are fewer resources to predict and prepare for them. Fantastic footage of undersea volcanic eruption is in the “Deepest Ocean Eruption Ever Filmed.”. The volcanoes in Figure below are in the East African Rift between the African and Arabian plates. Volcanoes form where magma reaches Earth’s surface. (a) The Society Islands formed above a hotspot that is now beneath Mehetia and two submarine volcanoes. What could cause a volcano to become extinct? Sixty percent of all active volcanoes occur at the boundaries between tectonic plates. Ninety percent of Earth’s earthquakes occur along its path, including the planet’s most violent and dramatic seismic events. Most of the mid-Atlantic Ridge is deep underwater and far from human development, but Iceland, which sits directly over the mid-Atlantic Ridge, has experienced earthquakes as large as at least M6.9. The Pacific Ring of Fire is where the majority of the volcanic activity on the Earth occurs. The. Remember from the chapter “Rocks” that mantle may melt if temperature rises, pressure lowers, or water is added. Magma rises up to fill the gaps between the plates usually to create a, (or convergent boundary) - this is where two plates move towards one another. Volcanoes form when magma, which is molten rock from beneath the Earth's crust, reaches the surface. Why do you think it’s hard to understand hotspots? The Pacific Ring of Fire is the most geologically active region in the world. Seventy-five percent of Earth’s volcanoes—more than 450 volcanoes—are located along the Ring of Fire. Volcanoes are Start studying Volcanoes Section 3- where do volcanoes occur. 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