Hunayn ibn Ishaq 808-873 Arab scholar and physician who translated numerous Greek writings—notably those of Plato (427-347 b.c.) [5], Hunayn ibn Ishaq's reputation as a scholar and translator, and his close relationship with Caliph al-Mutawakkil, led the caliph to name Hunayn as his personal physician, ending the exclusive use of physicians from the Bukhtishu family. "Hira was also home to the 'Ibad ("devotees"), who were Nestorian Christians using Syriac as their liturgical and cultural language, but Arabic for common daily use. [6] Hunayn Ibn Ishaq was a translator at the House of Wisdom, Bayt al-Hikma, where he received his education. In the West, another name he is known by his Latin name, Joannitius. [22] Despite their relationship, the caliph became distrustful; at the time, there were fears of death from poisoning, and physicians were well aware of its synthesis procedure. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Harvard University Press. Ishaq ibn Hunayn Hunayn ibn Ishaq (also Hunain or Hunein) ( Syriac : ܚܢܝܢ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܚܩ , Arabic : أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي ‎; Hunain Ibn Ishaq (asirieraz: ܚܢܝܢ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܚܩ, arabieraz: أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي‎; ’Abū Zayd Ḥunayn ibn ’Isḥāq al-‘Ibādī; Al-Hirah, 809 - Bagdad, 873) arabiar sendagile eta alkimista izan zen.. Bizitza. He was originally from al-Hira, the capital of a pre-Islamic cultured Arab kingdom, but he spent his working life in Baghdad, the center of the great ninth-century Greek-into-Arabic/Syriac translation movement. Bagdaden egin zituen medikuntza-ikasketak. He studied under Ibn Masaweh, and followed him as rector of Dar al-Hikma, a center for translation, writing in Baghdad. Hunayn - Articella.jpg. [5] His son Ishaq, and his nephew Hubaysh, worked together with him at times to help translate. This textbook is the first known systematic treatment of this field and was most likely used in medical schools at the time. ", Sarton, George (1927). Ḥunayn bin ’Isḥāq a fost un faimos savant, medic, filozof și traducător de origine asiriană, unul dintre cei mai mari învățați din perioada Califatului abbasid. p. Ibn Ishaq collected oral traditions that formed the basis of an important biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. "Hunayn was most likely trilingual from his youth; Arabic was the vernacular of his native town, Persian a frequently-used tongue in his region, and Syriac the language of the liturgy and of higher Christian education.". Instead, he would try to summarize the topics of the original texts and then in a new manuscript paraphrase it in Syriac or Arabic. Hunayn ibn Ishaq (also Hunain or Hunein) (;, known in Latin as Johannitius) (809–873) was a famous and influential Assyrianhe and his students transmitted Arabic and (more frequently) Syriac versions of the classical Greek texts throughout the Islāmic world Nestorian Christian scholar, physician, and scientist, known for his work in translating Greek scientific and medical works into … Hunayn in classical sources is said to … Hunayn ibn Ishaq was an Assyrian Christian born in 809, during the Abbasid period, in al-Hira, Iraq. The Sociological Turn in Translation and Interpreting Studies. [23] He completed many different medical works that pushed the idea of treating medicine with the practice and art of physic treatments. Many R. Duval's published works on chemistry represent translations of Hunayn's work. He also translated many medicinal texts and summaries, mainly those of Galen, such as Galen's "On Sects" and "On the Anatomy of the Veins and Arteries". Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq, in full Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq al-Ibādī, Latin name Johannitius, (born 808, al-Ḥīrah, near Baghdad, Iraq—died 873, Baghdad), Arab scholar whose translations of Plato, Aristotle, Galen, Hippocrates, and the Neoplatonists made accessible to Arab philosophers and scientists the significant sources of Greek thought and culture. Hunajn ibn Ishak (Hunayn ibn Ishaq, također Hunain ili Hunein) (sirijski: ܚܢܝܢ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܚܩ, arapski: أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي ‎; ’Abū Zayd Ḥunayn ibn ’Isḥāq al-‘Ibādī, na latinskom poznat kao Johannitius) (809–873) bio je znameniti asirski učenjak i ljekar nestorijanske kršćanske … Cambridge University Press. Este cunoscut mai ales pentru activitatea sa de traducere din greacă în arabă a unor lucrări științifice, pentru care arabii l-au supranumit "șeicul traducătorilor". The Cambridge History of Iran. Autorul arab al-Qifṭī l-a considerat pe Ḥunayn drept "un izvor nesecat de știință și … Throughout the book, Hunayn explains the eye and its anatomy in minute detail; its diseases, their symptoms, their treatments. During the apex of the Islamic Abbasid era, he worked with a group of translators, among whom were Abū 'Uthmān al-Dimashqi, Ibn Mūsā al-Nawbakhti, and Thābit ibn Qurra, to translate books of philosophy and classical Greek and Persian texts into Arabic and Syriac. p. 160.:"The most famous of these translators was a Nestorian (Christian) Arab by the name of Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (808–73). Hunain Ibn Ishaq (809 — 873) foi um escritor, acadêmico, cientista, tradutor e médico siríaco, diretor da Escola de Tradutores de Bagdá.. Falava fluentemente árabe, persa, grego e assírio. Mediaevalia 26.2 (2005): 99–110. p. 32. :"The 'Ibad are tribes made up of different Arabian families that became connected with Christianity in al-Hira. Vol. In his efforts to translate Greek material, Hunayn ibn Ishaq was accompanied by his son Ishaq ibn Hunayn and his nephew Hubaysh. "Ten Treatises on Ophthalmology" demonstrates the skills Hunayn ibn Ishaq had not just as a translator and a physician, but also as a surgeon. 45. Information was presented in the form of questions taken from Galen's "Art of Physic" and answers, which are based on "Summaria Alexandrinorum". The most famous of the translators was Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-`Ibadi, a Syriac-speaking Christian originally from southern Iraq who also knew Greek and Arabic. Llibre de Saviesa of James of Aragon (Castilian Spanish), La Floresta de Philosophos (Castilian Spanish), Bocados de Oro, taken directly from Adab al-Falasifa.(Spanish). Eastwood, Bruce. [7][8] As a child, he learned the Syriac and Arabic languages. Who Was Hunayn Ibn Ishaq? Khalil Samir, “Maqālat Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq fī ‘Kayfīyat idrāk ḥaqīqat al-diyāna’,” al-Mashriq 71.2 (1997), 345–63; see also Paul Sbath, Vingt traités philosophiques et apologétique d’auteurs arabes chrétiens du IXeau XIVesiècle(Cairo: H. Friedrich and Co., 1929), 181–5. Author Samir Johna 1 Affiliation 1 Department of Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California, … Sufism in the Secret History of Persia. At that time, there was a vast amount of untranslated ancient Greek literature pertaining to philosophy, mathematics, natural science, and medicine. It was the translations that came from administrative and legal materials gathered that lead to understanding of how to build up Arabic as the new official language. Web. p. Hunayn ibn Ishaq was an Assyrian Christian born in 809, during the Abbasid period, in al-Hira, Iraq. [26], With the construction of the House of Wisdom, the Abbasid Caliph al Ma'mun wanted to have a place to gather world knowledge from Muslim and non-Muslim educators. ", Selin, Helaine (2013). Hunayn Ibn Ishaq (809–73), one of the most prolific early medieval translators of classical works, rendered hundreds of Greek volumes into Syriac and Arabic. Of Christian Arab descent, he had spent many years of his life in Byzantine territory, in pursuit of his studies, most probably in Constantinople. For instance, Hunayn explains what the four elements and the four humors are and that medicine divides into therapy and practice and also defines health, disease, neutrality, and as well as the natural and the contranatural, and the six necessary conditions of living healthily. Hunain may have been the originator of this idea. [4][5] Ibn Ishaq also produced 36 of his own books, 21 of which covered the field of medicine. Springer Science & Business Media. 598. Hunayn ibn Ishaq (also Hunain or Hunein) (Syriac: ܚܢܝܢ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܚܩ‎, Arabic: أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي‎‎; ’Abū Zayd Ḥunayn ibn ’Isḥāq al-‘Ibādī; Latin: Iohannitius) (809 – 873) was a famous and influential scholar, physician, and scientist of Arab Christian descent. J. 1978. Routledge. [22], Hunayn ibn Ishaq enriched the field of ophthalmology. The Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun noticed Hunayn's talents and placed him in charge of the House of Wisdom, the Bayt al Hikmah. Wright M. Kuwait Med. "Hunayn Ibn Ishaq". In awe, ibn Masawayh reconciled with Hunayn, and the two started to work cooperatively. Hunayn promised himself to return to Baghdad when he became a physician. 2002 May;68(5):497-9. "The major ninth-century medical figure in Baghdad was a Christian Arab, Hunain ibn Ishaq, an amazingly accurate and productive scholar, who traveled to the Greek Byzantine empire in search of rare Galenic treatises. [22], Hunayn wrote on a variety of subjects that included philosophy, religion and medicine. 1190–1191, MV Coll' orient, 1593, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences, Nadim (al-), Abū al-Faraj Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq, Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres, "A medieval fallacy: the crystalline lens in the center of the eye", "Dimitri Gutas: Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco‐Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early Ábbasid Society (Second–Fourth/Eighth–Tenth Centuries)", "Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn: Abū Yaҁqūb Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq al-ҁIbādī", My Syriac and Arabic translations of Galen, "Ḥunain Ibn Isḥāq: An Arab Scholar Translating into Syriac", "The Purported Autobiography of Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq", "The Process of Origin and Growth of the Islamic Medicine: The Role of the Translators. Faiq, Said. Hunayn ibn Ishaq is known for his translations, his method of translation, and his contributions to medicine. 29 October 2009, El Khamloussy, Ahmed. Oxford University Press. [7] Building empires is not what they were building towards, but rather scholars preferred to move towards building a civilization. [3] In his lifetime, ibn Ishaq translated 116 works, including Plato's Timaeus, Aristotle's Metaphysics, and the Old Testament, into Syriac and Arabic. Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: a forgotten legend. "Marginalisation of ethnic and religious minorities in Middle East history of medicine: the forgotten contributions to Arabian and Islamic medicine and science." Cheshm manuscript.jpg 450 × 600; 134 KB. [19][20][21], As a child, he learned the Syriac and Arabic languages. In the Abbasid era, a new interest in extending the study of Greek science had arisen. Some of his medical works were pulled from Greek sources such as, Fi Awja al-Ma'idah (On Stomach Ailments) and al-Masail fi’l-Tibb li’l-Muta’allimin (Questions on Medicine for Students) and having these sources to drawn on keeps the original text clear. Hunayn ibn Ishaq al-Ibadi (also Hunain or Hunein) ( Arabic: أبو زيد حنين بن إسحاق العبادي‎; ʾAbū Zayd Ḥunayn ibn ʾIsḥāq al-ʿIbādī, Latin: Iohannitius, Syriac: ܚܢܝܢ ܒܪ ܐܝܣܚܩ‎) (809–873) was an influential Arab Nestorian Christian translator, scholar, physician, and scientist. Seven books of Galen's anatomy, lost in the original Greek, preserved in Arabic. [4][30], "al-Ibadi" redirects here. On his return to Baghdad, Hunayn displayed his newly acquired skills by reciting the works of Homer and Galen. Hunayn ibn Ishaq (Johannitius) 808-873 Arab Scholar and Physician H unayn ibn Ishaq, known in the West as Johannitius, is important primarily for his work as a translator: it was through his efforts that numerous writings from ancient Greece, which he translated into Arabic, were preserved. "The sheikh of the translators." The caliph tested Hunayn's ethics as a physician by asking him to formulate a poison, to be used against a foe, in exchange for a large sum. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [22] His translations are some of the only remaining documents of Greek manuscripts, and he helped influence the art of medicine, and through his book al-’Ashar Maqalat fi’l-Ayn (The Ten Treatises on the Eye) he helped to expand the science of ophthalmology through theory and practice.[7]. [22], Hunayn translated writings on agriculture, stones, and religion and also some of Plato's and Aristotle's works, in addition to commentaries. In Baghdad, Hunayn had the privilege to study under renowned physician Yuhanna ibn Masawayh; however, Hunayn's countless questions irritated Yuhanna, causing him to scold Hunayn and forcing him to leave. He was a Christian Arab from al-Ḥīra (al-Hirah). Cambridge University Press. "The Elements of Vision: The Micro-Cosmology of Galenic Visual Theory". John Benjamins Publishing Company. Especially important are his translations of Galen, most of the original Greek manuscripts of which are lost. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Hunayn in classical sources is said to have belonged to the ʿIbad, thus his nisba "al-Ibadi. That was the capital of the Arabic vassal kingdom of the Lakhmids under the Persian Sassanid Empire. He traveled to Syria, Palestine, and Egypt to gather ancient Greek manuscripts, and, from his translators’ school in Baghdad, he and his students transmitted Arabic and (more frequently) Syriac versions of the classical Greek texts throughout the Islāmic world. S. Gougenheim: Aristote au Mont-Saint-Michel, 136–137 Nemira Publishing House, Bucharest 2011, (Romanian edition), Wright. During the apex of the Islamic Abbasid era, he worked with a group of translators, among whom were Abū 'Uthmān al-Dimashqi, Ibn Mūsā al-Nawbakhti, and Thābit ibn Qurra, to translate books of philosophy and classical Greek and Persian texts into Arabic … Rashed, Roshdi. Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Yasār ibn Khiyār (Arabic pronunciation: [ʔisħaːq]; according to some sources, ibn Khabbār, or Kūmān, or Kūtān, Arabic: محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار بن خيار‎, or simply ibn Isḥaq, ابن إسحاق, meaning "the son of Isaac" (died 767) was an Arab Muslim historian and hagiographer. "Problems of the transmission of Greek scientific thought into Arabic: Examples from mathematics and optics." Media in category "Hunayn ibn Ishaq" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. In thirteenth-century Damascus, Ibn Abi Usaibia preserved an autobiographical epistle attributed to Hunayn ibn Ishaq. Hunayn ibn Ishaq was one of the most well-known translators at the institution and was called "the sheikh of the translators, as he mastered the four principal languages of the time: Greek, Persian, Arabic, and Syriac. [23] (Sylvain Gougenheim argued, though, that there is no evidence of Hunayn being in charge of the Bayt al Hikmah[24]) The caliph also gave Hunayn the opportunity to travel to Byzantium in search of additional manuscripts, such as those of Aristotle and other prominent authors. Al-Mutawakkil kalifak bere fisikari izendatu zuen. He worked on Arabic grammar and lexicography. [28], Some of Hunayn's most notable translations were his rendering of "De materia Medica", a pharmaceutical handbook, and his most popular selection, "Questions on Medicine",[4] a guide for novice physicians. Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica 8.2 (2010): 203–210. Hunayn ibn Ishaq was a Nestorian Christian, born in 809, during the Abbasid period, in al-Hirah, to an ethnic Arab family. Disappointed, the caliph imprisoned his physician for a year. The House of Wisdom was an institution where Greek works were translated and made available to scholars. Although al-Hira was known for commerce and banking, and his father was a pharmacist, Hunayn went to Baghdad in order to study medicine. Nach seinem Medizinstudium in Bagdad, wo Ḥunain ibn Isḥāq mit 16 Jahren ein wissbegieriger[1] Schüler von Yuhanna "Hunain bin Ishaq on Ophthalmic Surgery. ", Milani, Milad (2014). Hunayn ibn Ishaq repeatedly rejected the Caliph's generous offers, saying he would need time to develop a poison. The Sociological Turn in Translation and Interpreting Studies 66 (2014): 41. [17][18] They were known for their high-literacy and multilingualism being fluent in Syriac, their liturgical and cultural language, besides their native-Arabic. History of science 27.2 (1989): 199–209. [25] p. 399.:"The family nickname, al-'Ibadi, is derived from "al-'Ibad," a Christian Arab tribe. This page was last edited on 21 April 2021, at 16:15. The Oxford History of Islam. MM07845 University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995, Esposito, John L. (2000). "Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine 26 (1996): 69–74. p. 145.:"Hunayn ibn Ishaq was able to satisfy their needs. ", Angelelli, Claudia V. (2014). The Cambridge Illustrated History of Medicine. Descended from the Arab tribe of Al-‘Ibad, as evidenced by his nisba, Al-‘Ibadi, he belonged to the Syrian Nestorian Church. Ḥunayn ibn Isḥaq was the most productive translator of Greek medical and scientific treatises in his day. ‘Abu Zaid Hunayn Ibn Ishaq Al-‘Ibadi was a Christian born in the city of al-Hira 3, located near the present day city of Najaf in Iraq. Hunayn ibn-Ishaq translated works into Syriac for very prominent (Nestorian) Christian physicians and scholars 7 -to mention a few: Gibra'il ibn Bakhtishu', Yuhanna ibn Masawaih, Salmawaih ibn … As a child, he learned the Syriac and Arabic languages. Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: a forgotten legend Am Surg. The hidden origins of Islam: new research into its early history. Hunayn Ibn Ishaq (809–73), one of the most prolific early medieval translators of classical works, rendered hundreds of Greek volumes into Syriac and Arabic. Hunayn ibn Ishaq was a Nestorian Christian mathematician who is most important as a translator, making Greek works available to the Islamic mathematicians. He was able to translate compositions on philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and even in subjects such as magic and oneiromancy. A Glimpse on the Figure of Hunayn bin Ishaq", "A foundation of western ophthalmology in medieval Islamic medicine", "Ethno-ophthalmology in the Egyptian delta: An historical systems approach to ethnomedicine in the middle east", Aprim, Fred "Hunein Ibn Ishak – (809–873 or 877)", "Hunayn Ibn Ishaq Al-'Ibadi, Abu Zaydonar Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography", Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hunayn_ibn_Ishaq&oldid=1019115922, 9th-century people of the Abbasid Caliphate, Members of the Assyrian Church of the East, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Kitab ila Aglooqan fi Shifa al Amraz" – This Arabic translation, related to Galen's Commentary, by Hunayn ibn Ishaq, is extant in the Library of, De locis affectis De pulsibus (four treatises), Kitab Adab al-Falasifa, original Arabic lost, known in medieval translation, Libro de Los Buenos Proverbios (Castilian Spanish). Omissions? Muslim Heritage (2006). "Kitab Al-Ahjar" or the "Book of Stones". In time, Hunayn ibn Ishaq became arguably the chief translator of the era, and laid the foundations of Islamic medicine. Sefer Musré ha-Filosofim (Book of the Morals of the Philosophers), Hebrew translation of the Judeo-Andalusian poet, Juda ben Shlomo Al-Jarisi (1170–1235). Introduction to the History of Science. Hunayn ibn-Ishaq: a forgotten legend. 150. "Commented Translation of an Excerpt from Hunayn Ibn Ishaq's Epistle to His Patron 'Ali Ibn Yahya on the Translations of Galen." [1] Hunayn ibn Ishaq scrisse trattati di medicina generale e di altri argomenti specifici, tra cui una serie studi sull'occhio che ebbero larga diffusione fino al XV secolo: Dieci discorsi sull’occhio ( Kitab al-ʿAshr maqalat fi al-ʿayn ), dell'860 circa: sono considerati il primo testo sistematico di oftalmologia ; When asked why he would rather be killed than make the drug, Hunayn explained the physician's oath required him to help, and not harm, his patients. Hunayn would translate Greek into Syriac, and then he would have his nephew finish by translating the text from Syriac to Arabic, after which he then would seek to correct any of his partners' mistakes or inaccuracies he might find. [29] Also in Chemistry a book titled ['An Al-Asma'] meaning "About the Names", did not reach researchers but was used in "Dictionary of Ibn Bahlool" of the 10th century. Abū Yaʿqūb Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn (Arabic: إسحاق بن حنين ‎) (c. 830 Baghdad, – c. 910-1) was an influential Arab physician and translator, known for writing the first biography of physicians in the Arabic language.He is also known for his translations of Euclid's Elements and Ptolemy's Almagest.He is the son of the famous translator Hunayn Ibn Ishaq. Hunain repeatedly emphasized that he believed the crystalline lens to be in the center of the eye. Kristau nestoriarra zen. p. 611:"The nisba is derived from 'Ibad, the name of a Christian tribe of Arabs, established near Hira", Ohlig, Karl-Heinz; Puin, Gerd-R. (2010). XV. His developments in the study of the human eye can be traced through his innovative book, "Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye". [8], Hunayn ibn Ishaq was an Arab Nestorian Christian, born in 809, during the Abbasid period, in al-Hirah, to an ethnic Arab family. He is the father of Arab translations. ", Grmek, Mirko D.; Fantini, Bernardino (1998). Authors . The idea of the central crystalline lens was widely believed from Hunain's period through the late 1500s. Print. For other uses, see, Iluminure from the Hunayn ibn-Ishaq al-'Ibadi manuscript of the, Fragments from Various Books Interpolated or Adapted, Lindberg, David C. The Beginnings of Western Science: Islamic Science. ", Corbin, Henry (2014). [27] Nonetheless, none of his extant translations credit the House of Wisdom, which questions the legitimacy of whether this place actually was the origin of the Translation Movement. Although al-Hira was known for commerce and banking, and his father was a pharmacist, Hunayn went to Baghdad in order to study medicine. , Angelelli, Claudia V. ( 2014 ): 41 from mathematics and optics. at 16:15 is what! ( 2014 ) treating medicine with the practice and art of physic treatments by his son Ishaq, and the... With him at times to help translate be in the center of the era, a interest! Works of Homer and Galen. in this category, out of 5.. 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